I typically use a very poorly maintained local ramp in Waretown that is open to residents and non-resident homeowners, if you get the required permits.
However, I have used the Barnegat public dock a few times. Pretty good ramp, parking is good, area is pretty safe and I think the cost is about ten or twelve bucks. From the ramp to the open Barnegat Bay is about three minutes (no bridges), just a no wake zone. From the open bay to Barnegat Inlet is about a twenty to twenty-five minute ride I would guess. Not real sure on the times or the distances as I rarely run from the ocean to this dock or this area of the bay.
There are also many private marinas that might have a ramp you could use. I would call them first to inquire, to name a few:
Sun Harbor in Barnegat.
Holiday Harbor in Waretown.
Townsend's in Forked River