No solvents if the surface is plastic, composite or potted epoxy. Try scrapping with a scrapper or a razor in a holder. You may also be able to sand them off using some 150/220 grit or so and light pressure. It doesn't have to be perfectly clean.
A mild acid will dissolve the pads. They're much like limestone (calcium carbonate) and diluted muriatic or even vinegar will do it. The trick is how to to keep it moist with the acid for a while. Perhaps wedge a soaked rag onto the tducer? The acid will dissolve it given enough time.
Sno Bol thick toilet bowl cleaner will take off the pads, which are made up of glue proteins as well as calcium carbonate. The product contains muriatic acid. The thick gel will stay on the bottom of the transducer and soften the barnacle scars right up. It may take a second application to keep the surface wet. Rinse well afterward.