A galvanic issue is not going to cause growth. Like I proposed earlier, the lower motor bracket and tilt assembly appear to be coated with something based on the rough surface appearance. I wonder if whatever it is, barnacles like it.
The broken thru hull is probably not galvanic related unless you also see that the outside flange is eaten away. It may just be a bad casting from day one and it finally broke.
In my experience, anodes that get eaten up quickly have been exposed to stray currents either from your boats shore power or very often stray currents in the water where you are slipped. Those can be a real pain to find ( and don't jump in the water to look for them!)