The fitting by the gas fill looks to be a fender hanger.
Based on the location... and knowing that the fill/vent are always on the same side... and that there are no other vents nearby the fill... and that the new style of vent for fuel looks like that (the EPA emissions crap)... I'm going with a fuel vent. The "style" of a vent can be used with other things, but with no other vent nearby, fuel vent is the most logical choice.
For the past few years, there's been a charcoal cannister/fume collection system in play. Everything looks right for that to be what it is.
It seems as if whomever has been filling up the boat has been filling it way too far and has clogged up the charcoal cannister. This is EPA stuff - could be expensive to replace and also possible big fines for pollution.